![]() ![]() This article examines the crisis faced by Matjhabeng and the Free State goldfields, and evaluates local economic development initiatives that have been introduced to provide employment and diversify the local economy. However, the magnitude of the crisis and the limited success of development initiatives suggest that much more significant and better coordinated interventions will be needed from a range of community-based and business institutions, together with support from provincial and national governments. The experiences of the Free State have wider relevance for other areas in which economic restructuring and job creation are key priorities. This article alludes to historical evidence that traces working time arrangements in South African mining since 1886. It does so by very briefly summarising detailed narratives of both working hours (which remain remarkably stable) since 1911 and the length of the migrant labour contract (which progressively lengthens) until the collapse of the controls of the migrant labour supply system in the. At this point the labour contract aligns with the annual cycle of industrial working time. It is argued here that because labour time has been ignored in scholarly historical analyses, there is no explanation why long working hours are required in mining. The reason is that the retention of labour in production underground is foundational to and of greater explanatory import in understanding the role of the mining industry than its acquisition. This view challenges the received wisdom that the exploitation of mine labour is chiefly accounted for in terms of cheap wages for black mineworkers. ![]() Labour time, a concept defined at the outset of this article, is asserted as the missing explanatory variable necessary for understanding the developmental trajectory of mining in South Africa, both historically and in the contemporary period. To investigate incidence and risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) recurrence and the relative contribution of reinfection and relapse to recurrence.Įmployees cured of a first episode of culture-positive TB were followed up for recurrence, which was classified as reinfection or relapse by restriction fragment length polymorphism using an. insertion sequence (IS) 6110 probe.Īmong 609 patients, 57 experienced recurrence during a median follow-up period of 1.02 years, corresponding to a recurrence rate of 7.89 per 100 person-years (py). The culture positive recurrence rate was 5.79/100 py, and was higher in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients (8.86/100 py in HIV-infected vs. Among HIV-infected patients, the risk of culture-positive recurrence was higher with decreasing CD4 count (compared with CD4 500 were 0.40 and 0.14, respectively, Ptrend = 0.01). IS6110 genotyping was available on both the initial and subsequent isolate for 16/42 (38%, 14 HIV-infected) patients with culture-positive recurrence, and showed reinfection in 11 (69%). HIV-infected gold miners, particularly those who are more immunosuppressed, are at higher risk of TB recurrence. If they are real diamonds, it means we are winning.” TB control strategies need to take into account reinfection as an important cause of recurrent TB.Two days of strenuous digging had yielded four stones for Molefe, 41, who conceded that he had no clue whether they were actually diamonds. Diamond rush africa born distrust free#.She lives in a shack in an informal settlement south of the city and has had to put on hold her dream of building a house for her and her 7-year-old daughter. She has not been able to work since March of last year after her job at the Johannesburg airport was cut because of the pandemic. Molefi, who had made the trip to KwaHlathi from Johannesburg, said she would consult gemologists on her own to find out whether the stones she unearthed were indeed diamonds. Pillay said, and officials would seek to make sure the community benefits if there are profits to be made. “It’s not an unreasonable concern given how things have happened in the past,” he said.Ī geological study is underway to determine the commercial value of the quartz, Mr. That sentiment did not surprise Ravi Pillay, an executive in the provincial government in charge of economic development. “They’re spreading fake news that this is not a diamond, because they don’t want people to go and dig the diamonds there.” Khazi said when reached by phone after the announcement. ![]()
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